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Part IV: Organisation and Leadership
Controls do not run themselves. Someone decides which systems are built, owns each system once it is live, sits on the forum that approves a high-risk use case. Part IV turns to the organisation that must carry the governance of Part III.
Chapter 12 examines centralised, federated and hub-and-spoke operating models and the allocation of accountability across a group or an authority. Chapter 13 describes the decision forums, with terms of reference, decision rights, escalation paths and the evidence each consumes. Chapter 14 treats competence and roles, including the AI literacy duty of Article 4. Chapter 15 addresses responsible adoption, including consultation of employee representatives and measurement without surveillance. Chapter 16 extends Management as Code to the AI portfolio, and its companion, Chapter 16A, governs the economics: why the cost of systems built on large language models runs away, how to measure value against a baseline, and the investment gates, cost envelopes and stop conditions that let a forum fund, continue, scale, constrain or stop a system. Chapter 17 closes the part with public authorities, whose mandate, administrative law, public-access rules and algorithm registers create constraints no private organisation faces.
What you will learn in this part:
- How to choose an operating model and place the platform, the enabling team and accountability
- How to design forums with clear decision rights, quorum, escalation and evidence-based agendas
- Which roles an AI programme needs and how to meet the AI literacy obligation
- How to lead adoption responsibly, including consultation with employee representatives
- How to manage an AI portfolio as code, with measured benefits and explicit retirement decisions
- How to govern AI economics when costs are variable and benefits uncertain
- What makes AI in public authorities different
Throughout, the same question has different answers in a single-jurisdiction public authority and in a multinational insurance group operating in seven legal regimes.